![]() So for woofers, diffraction is not much of an issue. If the wavelength is bigger than the size of the obstacle, it passes through it like it’s not even there. Different frequencies have different wavelengths. This happens differently, depending on the frequency of the sound. When this happens, the sound wave is distorted or its direction is modified. This has to do with diffraction from the edges of the cabinet, also known as edge diffraction, which we will discuss in depth.ĭiffraction happens when a sound wave meets an obstacle. A cube would be a worst choice, for example. Make sure if you divide the dimensions of the box between each other (height / width or width / length etc), you don’t get a whole number. The proportions of the box are important as well. However, other solutions like sound deadening material, will work wonders. Making a cabinet more angular, will minimize this drawback. ![]() Parallel surfaces encourage standing waves. Lets split the shape of the box into 2 categories : Of course, making sure the you got the right volume for the box is paramount, but taking care of the small details will ensure a great result. They have to make sense in terms of size and visual appeal. It is easier to integrate in your living room as a furniture. Making a rectangular box has the advantage of being easier to build, both for the mass producer and for the hobbyist. Does that mean that the best shape is a rectangle ? Not quite. They are producing rectangular shaped cabinets. But let’s dive into the subject, by observing what most of the speaker manufacturers are doing. Reverb and standing waves can be controlled by adding absorption materials to a room.Does speaker box shape matter ? Is baffle design important ?īaffle design and cabinet shape is important for a hi-fi loudspeaker build. Figure 3 - Example of a sound wave diffracting around a gap in a surface AbsorptionĪbsorption is the loss of sound through an absorbent material. High-frequency waves have high directivity and can easily be blocked, whereas low frequencies have low directivity and spread far and wide. For spreading to happen, the wave must be larger than the object. Figure 2 - Example of an incoming sound wave refracting as it hits the water Diffractionĭiffraction is the bending of waves around small objects and the spreading out of a wave through small openings.Īll waves tend to spread out at the edge when they pass through a gap or past an object. Since temperature decreases with height, the speed of sound also decreases with height. ![]() With sound waves, it is more common for the sound to refract when it encounters a change in air temperature. Refraction is the process where a waveform changes direction as it passes from one medium to another - the speed of the wave changes as this happens. Figure 1 - Example of an incoming sound wave, reflecting back off a large surface Refraction Reflection is responsible for producing echo, reverb , and standing waves. The reflected sound will have a different frequency characteristic than the direct sound if all frequencies are not reflected equally. Higher frequency sound can be reflected by both small and large objects. Low-frequency sound has a long wavelength and so can only be reflected by large objects. ![]() For sound to be reflected, the object must be physically as large, or larger than the wave. Reflection is the process whereby part or the entire wave is returned when it encounters a boundary. Sound waves react in different ways when they interact with an obstacle reflection, refraction, absorption, and diffusion.
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